Sometimes life throws unexpected changes your way, which might lead you to consider breaking your mortgage term early. However, doing so can incur penalties that impact your finances significantly. This guide aims to demystify mortgage penalties, helping you make informed decisions and possibly save on costs.
Why Do Mortgage Penalties Exist?
Mortgage penalties are charged by lenders as a form of compensation for the interest they lose when a mortgage is paid off prematurely. These penalties ensure that lenders still achieve a return on the investment they made when they approved your mortgage. Understanding this can clarify why penalties are not merely punitive but necessary from a business perspective.
Exploring Types of Mortgage Penalties
There are generally two types of mortgage penalties you might encounter:
Fixed-rate mortgages often come with an Interest Rate Differential (IRD) penalty, which compensates the lender for the interest lost due to breaking the mortgage early.
Variable-rate mortgages typically involve a penalty of three months' interest, which is usually less costly than the IRD penalty.
Identifying which type of penalty applies to your situation is crucial as it impacts the overall cost of breaking your mortgage.
How do Mortgage Penalties Work in Canada?
In Canada, the calculation of mortgage penalties varies significantly between lenders and can depend on several factors including the balance of your loan, the current interest rates, the remaining term, and your initial mortgage agreement's terms. For a fixed-rate mortgage, the penalty is often calculated based on the IRD, whereas for a variable-rate mortgage, it's typically three months' interest.
Strategies to Get Out of Mortgage Penalties
Completely avoiding mortgage penalties may not always be possible, especially if you need to break your mortgage due to unforeseen circumstances. However, you might have a few options:
Port your mortgage if you are buying a new property. This allows you to transfer your existing mortgage—and its terms—to a new property without incurring penalties.
Blend and extend your mortgage, which involves blending your current mortgage rate with the rate currently offered by your lender and extending the term of your mortgage.
Can Mortgage Penalties Be Waived?
While uncommon, waivers for mortgage penalties are possible under specific circumstances. Some lenders may waive penalties if you're negotiating a new mortgage term with them or if there are extenuating circumstances like a divorce. Always discuss your situation with your lender to explore any possible leniencies.
Tips to Avoid or Minimize Mortgage Penalties
To avoid or minimize penalties when considering breaking your mortgage, consider the following strategies:
Plan your mortgage term carefully from the start, choosing terms that align closely with your long-term goals.
Consider opting for a variable-rate mortgage if you anticipate changes in your future financial situation since these typically carry lower penalties than fixed-rate mortgages.
Stay informed about your lender's terms regarding penalties and keep communication open to negotiate terms that may minimize potential penalties.
While breaking a mortgage can sometimes be unavoidable, having a deep understanding of how mortgage penalties work can protect you from unexpected financial strains. By preparing ahead and understanding your mortgage agreement fully, you can navigate these penalties more effectively and make decisions that align with your financial goals.